How to Read a Hydraulic Grade Line
If you have ever reviewed a plan set for a water main, sewer collection system, or stormwater network and seen a sloped line running above or alongside the pipe, that line is the hydraulic grade line. Understanding what it tells you is one of the most practical skills anyone involved in infrastructure review can develop.
Capital Improvement Planning for Small Municipalities
Most small communities do not fail their residents because they lack good people. They fail because they run from crisis to crisis without a plan that tells them what breaks next, what it will cost, and how to fund it before the emergency arrives.